Mu gihe isi irimo guhatana mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, ibihugu byinshi byatangiye gukoresha Artificial Intelligence (AI) mu gukumira ibyaha, kubungabunga umutekano rusange, ndetse no kumenya uko abaturage bitwara. Nyamara, ibi bikorwa byazamuye impungenge ku bijyanye n’ubwisanzure bwa muntu n’uburenganzira bwo kugira ubuzima bwite (privacy).
AI mu Byaha n’Umutekano Rusange
Raporo ya Carnegie Endowment yagaragaje ko byibuze ibihugu 75 muri 176 bifite gahunda zo gukoresha AI mu gukurikirana abaturage. Aha harimo:
- Kamera zifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya abantu (facial recognition) zikoreshwa mu mijyi y’ubwenge (smart cities).
- Predictive policing, ikoresha AI mu guhanura aho ibyaha bishobora kuba, kugira ngo abashinzwe umutekano babanze babigabanye.
- Big data analytics ikoreshwa mu gukusanya amakuru y’abaturage (uburyo bagerageza kugura ibintu, ibyo bandika kuri internet, ndetse n’imyitwarire yabo kuri telefoni).
Ibihugu Bikoresha AI mu Gukurikirana Abaturage
- U Bushinwa bufite gahunda nini izwi nka Skynet, ikubiyemo kamera miliyoni 20 zishobora gutahura umuntu mu masegonda make. Aho bimwe mu bice nka Xinjiang hagiye habaho no gukusanya DNA n’amakuru y’imibanire y’abantu mu rwego rwo kugenzura imyitwarire y’abaturage.
- Ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika biri kwinjizwa muri gahunda za “smart city” zubatswe n’amahanga, bikubiyemo kamera n’uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa by’abaturage, rimwe na rimwe bidafite amategeko asobanutse asobanura uko amakuru akusanywa no gukomeza kubungabunga uburenganzira bwabo.
- Ibihugu bya demokarasi nka USA na ibihugu by’u Burayi nabyo bikoresha AI mu gukurikirana iterabwoba no kurinda umutekano, ariko bigashyiraho amategeko akomeye asaba uruhushya rw’inkiko mbere yo gukoresha izo tekinoloji mu buzima bw’abantu.
Impungenge ku Burenganzira bwa Muntu
Abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bavuga ko gukoresha AI mu buryo budafite igenzura rihagije bishobora:
- Gukoreshwa nabi mu gucecekesha abatavuga rumwe na leta.
- Kwica uburenganzira bwo kugira ubuzima bwite.
- Gutera ubwoba abaturage bigatuma batavuga ibitekerezo byabo mu bwisanzure.
Uko Ibihugu Bishyiraho Imipaka
Ibihugu bimwe byashyizeho amategeko akomeye yo kugenzura ikoreshwa rya AI:
- U Burayi bufite AI Act igena uburyo AI ikoreshwa mu kumenya abantu cyangwa mu kugenzura abaturage.
- USA igira inzego nk’inkiko n’abagenzuzi b’umutekano bagomba kubanza gutanga uburenganzira mbere yo gukoresha uburyo bwa surveillance.
Icyo Abahanga Basaba
Abahanga mu by’amategeko n’ikoranabuhanga basaba:
- Gushyiraho amategeko asobanutse agena uko amakuru y’abaturage akusanywa n’uko abikwa.
- Gushyiraho igenzura ryigenga rigenzura uburyo AI ikoreshwa kugira ngo rikumire ikoreshwa ribi.
- Kwigisha abaturage ku burenganzira bwabo mu by’ikoranabuhanga no kubashishikariza kwitwararika ku byo basangiza ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Mu gusoza, gukoresha AI mu kumviriza abaturage ni ikintu kigira uruhare mu mutekano, ariko gikeneye kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo kidakorwa mu buryo bukandamiza. Ubwisanzure n’umutekano bigomba kujya mu rugero rumwe, kugira ngo iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ribe irinyungu rusange aho kuba igikoresho cyo kugenzura no kubuza abaturage amajwi yabo.
